![]() Hawaii became a unified, internationally recognized kingdom in 1810, remaining independent until American and European businessmen overthrew the monarchy in 1893 this led to annexation by the U.S. An influx of European and American explorers, traders, and whalers soon arrived, leading to the decimation of the once isolated Indigenous community through the introduction of diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, smallpox, and measles the native Hawaiian population declined from between 300,000 and one million to less than 40,000 by 1890. In 1778, British explorer James Cook was the first known non-Polynesian to arrive at the archipelago early British influence is reflected in the state flag, which bears a Union Jack. Settled by Polynesians sometime between 10 CE, Hawaii was home to numerous independent chiefdoms. Consequently, Hawaii is a unique melting pot of North American and East Asian cultures, in addition to its indigenous Hawaiian heritage. As one of only six majority-minority states, it has the only Asian American plurality, the largest Buddhist community, and largest proportion of multiracial people in the U.S. Hawaii is among the country's most diverse states, owing to its central location in the Pacific and over two centuries of migration. Two-thirds of Hawaiians live on O'ahu, home to the state's capital and largest city, Honolulu. states, Hawaii is the eighth smallest in land area and the 11th least populous but with 1.4 million residents, it ranks 13th in population density. ![]() The uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands make up most of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the largest protected area in the U.S. The eight main islands, from northwest to southeast, are Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi, after which the state is named the latter is often called the "Big Island" or "Hawaii Island" to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. Hawaii's ocean coastline is consequently the fourth-longest in the U.S., at about 750 miles (1,210 km). ![]() Hawaii consists of 137 volcanic islands that comprise almost the entire Hawaiian archipelago spanning 1,500 miles (2,400 km), the state is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics. Hawaii ( / h ə ˈ w aɪ i/ ⓘ hə- WY-ee Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi ) is an island state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S.
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